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  High‐Rate Fluid Injection Reduces the Nucleation Length of Laboratory Earthquakes on Critically Stressed Faults in Granite

Ji, Y., Wang, L., Hofmann, H., Kwiatek, G., Dresen, G. (2022): High‐Rate Fluid Injection Reduces the Nucleation Length of Laboratory Earthquakes on Critically Stressed Faults in Granite. - Geophysical Research Letters, 49, 23, e2022GL100418.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100418

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Ji, Yinlin1, Autor              
Wang, Lei2, Autor
Hofmann, Hannes1, Autor              
Kwiatek, G.3, Autor              
Dresen, G.3, Autor              
Affiliations:
14.8 Geoenergy, 4.0 Geosystems, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, ou_146039              
2External Organizations, ou_persistent22              
34.2 Geomechanics and Scientific Drilling, 4.0 Geosystems, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, ou_146035              

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Schlagwörter: The nucleation length of injection-induced laboratory earthquakes reduces with higher injection rate and greater Injection-induced laboratory earthquakes with smaller nucleation lengths exhibit higher peak slip rates and larger fault slip displacements Fast-rate fluid injection may cause initially stable fault patches of smaller sizes to slip seismically, leading to higher seismic hazards
 Zusammenfassung: We conducted fluid injection experiments on cylindrical low-permeability granite samples with a critically stressed sawcut fault at local injection rates of 0.2 and 0.8 mL/min and confining pressures of 31 and 61 MPa. A local array of six strain gauges attached close to the faults allows us to estimate the nucleation length of each injection-induced dynamic slip event (i.e., laboratory earthquake). We find nucleation lengths decrease from approximately 90% to <15% of the fault length with higher injection rate and increased effective normal stress. Injection-induced laboratory earthquakes with smaller nucleation lengths show generally higher peak slip rates and larger fault slip displacements, signifying an intensified seismic hazard. Our results also indicate that initially stable fault patches may be reactivated to slip seismically by increasing injection rates. This study systematically demonstrates that higher injection rates constitute dynamic loading, which increase the seismic hazard by shrinking the earthquake nucleation length.

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 Datum: 2022-12-092022
 Publikationsstatus: Final veröffentlicht
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 Identifikatoren: DOI: 10.1029/2022GL100418
GFZPOF: p4 T8 Georesources
OATYPE: Hybrid Open Access
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Titel: Geophysical Research Letters
Genre der Quelle: Zeitschrift, SCI, Scopus, ab 2023 oa
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Seiten: - Band / Heft: 49 (23) Artikelnummer: e2022GL100418 Start- / Endseite: - Identifikator: ISSN: 1944-8007
ISSN: 0094-8276
CoNE: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/cone/journals/resource/journals182
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Publisher: Wiley