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Abstract:
Rivers are major conduits of particulate matter, metal, and carbon from land to coastal seas. They transport huge quantities of water and constituents. Sediments supplied into the river network and the subsequent movement of particles from source to the sink is determined by a complex of natural and anthropogenic processes that change over time and are irregularly distributed in the river basin. The essential part for a quantitative description of these processes is the definition of a sediment budget, which is one of the most important parameters of watershed erosion and deposition. In our study we esteemed, catchment erosion, which includes hillslope and rill, both rainfall and snowmelt by RUSLE and Larionov-Krasnov model, gullies erosion by regional maps of ravine density, channel erosion by satellite data, bed and suspended load in the river mouth by governmental monitoring data, deposition within the watershed and river bed as a difference between total erosion and sediment export for three large Eurasian rivers Ob, Yenisei and Lena in the unites of tonnes per year. We consider that the throughflow from the sources to the sea explains less than 10 % of the suspended sediment inflow (total erosion). Thus, possible origins of the recent storage by ~90-95% of sediment supply are discussed.
