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Schlagwörter:
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Zusammenfassung:
To remove efficiently steroid hormones will soon and quickly become a key water quality issue in densely populated and water deficient areas. Prague city (Czech Republic) with 1.2 million inhabitants and a well defined drainage and sewage system is an ideal place to study input and fate of natural and synthetic estrogens in surface water.
Concentrations of 17β-estradiol, estriol, estrone, 17α-
ethinylestradiol, mestranol and norethisterone have been
determined in the creeks and rivers, in the city´s sewage
treatment plants and in the water works of Prague. The highest total estrogen content of 466 ng/l is found in the sewage entering the major sewage treatment plant. The effluents still contain between 72 and 100 ng/l total estrogens.
Before entering the city of Prague, the water of the
river Vltava has a total estrogen content below 1 ng/l. It
increases up to 3.8 ng/l in the city. During wastewater treatment the natural estrogen 17β-estradiol is degraded to
estrone. Presence of 17α-ethinylestradiol in small creeks
all over the city area suggests environmental persistence
and general input.
