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  Heterogeneous seismic anisotropy beneath Madeira and Canary archipelagos revealed by local and teleseismic shear wave splitting

Schlaphorst, D., Silveira, G., Mata, J., Krüger, F., Dahm, T., Ferreira, A. M. G. (2023): Heterogeneous seismic anisotropy beneath Madeira and Canary archipelagos revealed by local and teleseismic shear wave splitting. - Geophysical Journal International, 233, 1, 510-528.
https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac472

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 Creators:
Schlaphorst, David1, Author
Silveira, Graça1, Author
Mata, João1, Author
Krüger, Frank1, Author
Dahm, T.2, Author              
Ferreira, Ana M G1, Author
Affiliations:
1External Organizations, ou_persistent22              
22.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 2.0 Geophysics, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, ou_146029              

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Free keywords: Seismic Anisotropy, Hotspots, Composition and structure of the mantle, Composition and structure of oceanic crust, Dynamics: convection currents, and mantle plumes
 Abstract: Mid-plate upward mantle flow is a key component of global mantle convection, but its patterns are poorly constrained. Seismic anisotropy is the most direct way to infer mantle flow as well as melt distribution, yet the convection patterns associated with plume-like mantle upwelling are understudied due to limited seismic data coverage. Here, we investigate seismic anisotropy beneath the Madeira and Canary hotspots using a dense set of shear wave splitting observations and combining teleseismic and local events recorded by three-component broadband and short-period seismic stations. Using a total of 26 stations in the Madeira archipelago and 43 stations around the Canary Islands, we obtain 655 high quality measurements that reveal heterogeneous flow patterns. Although local event results are sparse around most islands, we can observe a small average of S-wave splitting times of 0.16 ± 0.01 s, which significantly increase with source depth beneath El Hierro (>20 km) and Tenerife (>38 km) up to 0.58 ± 0.01 s and 0.47 ± 0.05 s. This suggests an influence of melt pocket orientation in magma reservoirs developed at uppermost-mantle depths. Likewise, anisotropy increases significantly beneath the islands with shield stage volcanism (up to 9.81 ± 1.78% at El Hierro, western Canaries, against values up to 1.76 ± 0.73% at Lanzarote, eastern Canaries). On average, teleseismic SKS-wave splitting delay times are large (2.19 ± 0.05 s), indicating sublithospheric mantle flow as the primary source for anisotropy in the region. In the Canaries the western islands show significantly smaller average SKS delay times (1.93 ± 0.07 s) than the eastern ones (2.25 ± 0.11 s), which could be explained by destructive interference above the mantle upwelling. Despite complex patterns of fast polarisation directions throughout both regions, some azimuthal pattern across close stations can be observed and related to present-day mantle flow and anisotropy frozen in the lithosphere since before 60 Ma. Additionally, we infer that the current presence of a mantle plume beneath the archipelagos leads to the associated complex, small-scale heterogeneous anisotropy observations.

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 Dates: 2022-11-302023
 Publication Status: Finally published
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 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggac472
GFZPOF: p4 T3 Restless Earth
OATYPE: Hybrid Open Access
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Title: Geophysical Journal International
Source Genre: Journal, SCI, Scopus, ab 2024 OA-Gold
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 233 (1) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 510 - 528 Identifier: ISSN: 0956-540X
ISSN: 1365-246X
CoNE: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/cone/journals/resource/journals180
Publisher: Oxford University Press