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Zusammenfassung:
Large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) are wave-like ionospheric manifestations of atmospheric gravity waves. Their harmonic signatures of quasi-periodic structures allow them to be detected by different instruments, among which ground-based GNSS receivers play a key role in TID detections. However, it is a challenging problem for ground-based GNSS measurements to interpret the vertical propagation features of LSTIDs at various altitudes as well as the global propagating characteristics of LSTIDs, especially across the ocean and polar areas.
The global morphology of LSTID during the St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm on March 17, 2015, was thoroughly investigated in this study using GNSS observations from both ground-based and space-borne GNSS receivers as well as the space-borne in-situ data. The 2-D ground-based detrended total electron content (TEC) maps created by thousands of GNSS stations throughout the world were used to identify the remarkable global LSTID wave-like characteristics. In places with limited ground-based GNSS data, such as the polar regions and over oceans, additional space-borne TEC data and in-situ data were also employed to find TID signals. These data are ideal supplements to ground-based GNSS data for global LSTID detections. Space-borne TEC data and in-situ data might be used to find topside TIDs propagating at various altitudes, supporting both the horizontal and vertical detections of LSTIDs during the storm time.
