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Abstract:
Understanding ENSO diversity and its response to external climate forcings is not only critical for accurate prediction of global ENSO impacts but can also be used as a tool to constrain future global climate projections. Considering model skill in simulating ENSO diversity can reduce model uncertainty in both ENSO response and the mean state of the tropical Pacific, as well as the associated impacts on precipitation patterns, tropical cyclones, extratropical circulation, etc. (Karamperidou et al. 2017; Wyman, Conroy & Karamperidou, 2020). However, groundtruthing model simulations of ENSO diversity is challenged by the short length of the instrumental record, which necessitates using paleoclimate proxy records from across the Pacific and interpreting them within the context of ENSO diversity (Karamperidou et al., 2020; Karamperidou & DiNezio, 2022). In this talk, I will present a series of studies that explore the dynamics of ENSO flavors across climates (Karamperidou & DiNezio, 2022), including coastal El Nino events (Zhao & Karamperidou, 2022), and their impacts on extreme hydroclimate phenomena (Kiefer & Karamperidou, 2019; McKenna & Karamperidou, 2023). These studies use a multi-resolution and hierarchical approach and combine dynamical with statistical and machine learning approaches for improving understanding of past and future ENSO behavior and the complexity of its global impacts.
