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Journal Article

An enhanced integrated water vapour dataset from more than 10 000 global ground-based GPS stations in 2020

Authors
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Yuan,  Peng
0 Pre-GFZ, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

Blewitt,  Geoffrey
External Organizations;

Kreemer,  Corné
External Organizations;

Hammond,  William C.
External Organizations;

Argus,  Donald
External Organizations;

Yin,  Xungang
External Organizations;

Van Malderen,  Roeland
External Organizations;

Mayer,  Michael
External Organizations;

Jiang,  Weiping
External Organizations;

Awange,  Joseph
External Organizations;

Kutterer,  Hansjörg
External Organizations;

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Citation

Yuan, P., Blewitt, G., Kreemer, C., Hammond, W. C., Argus, D., Yin, X., Van Malderen, R., Mayer, M., Jiang, W., Awange, J., Kutterer, H. (2023): An enhanced integrated water vapour dataset from more than 10 000 global ground-based GPS stations in 2020. - Earth System Science Data, 15, 2, 723-743.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-723-2023


Cite as: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5022689
Abstract
We developed a high-quality global integrated water vapour (IWV) dataset from 12 552 ground-based global positioning system (GPS) stations in 2020. It consists of 5 min GPS IWV estimates with a total number of 1 093 591 492 data points. The completeness rates of the IWV estimates are higher than 95 % at 7253 (58 %) stations. The dataset is an enhanced version of the existing operational GPS IWV dataset provided by the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory (NGL). The enhancement is reached by employing accurate meteorological information from the fifth generation of European ReAnalysis (ERA5) for the GPS IWV retrieval with a significantly higher spatiotemporal resolution. A dedicated data screening algorithm is also implemented. The GPS IWV dataset has a good agreement with in situ radiosonde observations at 182 collocated stations worldwide. The IWV biases are within ±3.0 kg m−2 with a mean absolute bias (MAB) value of 0.69 kg m−2. The standard deviations (SD) of IWV differences are no larger than 3.4 kg m−2. In addition, the enhanced IWV product shows substantial improvements compared to NGL's operational version, and it is thus recommended for high-accuracy applications, such as research of extreme weather events and diurnal variations of IWV and intercomparisons with other IWV retrieval techniques. Taking the radiosonde-derived IWV as reference, the MAB and SD of IWV differences are reduced by 19.5 % and 6.2 % on average, respectively. The number of unrealistic negative GPS IWV estimates is also substantially reduced by 92.4 % owing to the accurate zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD) derived by ERA5. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6973528 (Yuan et al., 2022).