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Abstract

High-precision clock offset products directly affect the performance and reliability of precise point positioning (PPP) applications. Currently, real-time clock offset products offered by institutions such as the Centre national d’études spatiales (CNES) rely on ultra-rapid predicted orbits. However, these orbits have limited accuracy and exhibit jumps during updates, constraining the accuracy of real-time clock estimation. To address this issue, we propose an undifferenced ambiguity resolution (UD AR) technique for clock offset estimation based on epoch-wise updated orbits. Clock estimation experiments were performed using both predicted and epoch-wise updated orbits, with square root information filtering (SRIF) applied in three schemes: double-differenced (DD), UD, and float solutions. Compared with predicted orbits, epoch-wise updated orbits provided smoother sequences with higher accuracy, significantly improving clock offset estimation accuracy in all schemes. Moreover, the UD AR solution significantly enhanced clock offset estimation accuracy, and the high-precision epoch-wise updated orbit products increased the narrow-lane fixing rate of the UD solutions. The clock accuracies of BDS-3, Galileo, and GPS reached 0.032 ns, 0.023 ns, and 0.026 ns, respectively, representing improvements of 36%, 34%, and 41% compared with the float solutions and 41%, 30%, 26% compared with the UD solution based on 1 h predicted orbits. Finally, the positioning performance of the proposed method was validated via PPP using 25 stations, showing improvements of 50%, 48%, and 41% in the north, east, and up directions compared with CNES products. Therefore, by combining epoch-wise updated orbit products with the UD AR to improve clock accuracy, this method provides a new approach to generating high-precision clock products, significantly contributing to enhancing PPP services.