date: 2021-01-06T06:19:28Z
pdf:PDFVersion: 1.7
pdf:docinfo:title: A Review of Reactor Designs for Hydrogen Storage in Clathrate Hydrates
xmp:CreatorTool: LaTeX with hyperref
Keywords: hydrogen storage; clathrate hydrate; reactor design; Water-Spraying Reactor; Stirred-Tank Reactor; Bubbling Reactor; Water-In-Oil Emulsion; Fixed-Bed Reactor; unidirectional growth
access_permission:modify_annotations: true
access_permission:can_print_degraded: true
subject: Clathrate hydrates are ice-like, crystalline solids, composed of a three-dimensional network of hydrogen bonded water molecules that confines gas molecules in well-defined cavities that can store gases as a solid solution. Ideally, hydrogen hydrates can store hydrogen with a maximum theoretical capacity of about 5.4 wt%. However, the pressures necessary for the formation of such a hydrogen hydrate are 180?220 MPa and therefore too high for large-scale plants and industrial use. Thus, since the early 1990s, there have been numerous studies to optimize pressure and temperature conditions for hydrogen formation and storage and to develop a proper reactor type via optimisation of the heat and mass transfer to maximise hydrate storage capacity in the resulting hydrate phase. So far, the construction of the reactor has been developed for small, sub-litre scale; and indeed, many attempts were reported for pilot-scale reactor design, on the multiple-litre scale and larger. The purpose of this review article is to compile and summarise this knowledge in a single article and to highlight hydrogen-storage prospects and future challenges.
dc:creator: Mohammad Reza Ghaani, Judith M. Schicks and Niall J. English
dcterms:created: 2021-01-06T06:13:57Z
Last-Modified: 2021-01-06T06:19:28Z
dcterms:modified: 2021-01-06T06:19:28Z
dc:format: application/pdf; version=1.7
title: A Review of Reactor Designs for Hydrogen Storage in Clathrate Hydrates
Last-Save-Date: 2021-01-06T06:19:28Z
pdf:docinfo:creator_tool: LaTeX with hyperref
access_permission:fill_in_form: true
pdf:docinfo:keywords: hydrogen storage; clathrate hydrate; reactor design; Water-Spraying Reactor; Stirred-Tank Reactor; Bubbling Reactor; Water-In-Oil Emulsion; Fixed-Bed Reactor; unidirectional growth
pdf:docinfo:modified: 2021-01-06T06:19:28Z
meta:save-date: 2021-01-06T06:19:28Z
pdf:encrypted: false
dc:title: A Review of Reactor Designs for Hydrogen Storage in Clathrate Hydrates
modified: 2021-01-06T06:19:28Z
cp:subject: Clathrate hydrates are ice-like, crystalline solids, composed of a three-dimensional network of hydrogen bonded water molecules that confines gas molecules in well-defined cavities that can store gases as a solid solution. Ideally, hydrogen hydrates can store hydrogen with a maximum theoretical capacity of about 5.4 wt%. However, the pressures necessary for the formation of such a hydrogen hydrate are 180?220 MPa and therefore too high for large-scale plants and industrial use. Thus, since the early 1990s, there have been numerous studies to optimize pressure and temperature conditions for hydrogen formation and storage and to develop a proper reactor type via optimisation of the heat and mass transfer to maximise hydrate storage capacity in the resulting hydrate phase. So far, the construction of the reactor has been developed for small, sub-litre scale; and indeed, many attempts were reported for pilot-scale reactor design, on the multiple-litre scale and larger. The purpose of this review article is to compile and summarise this knowledge in a single article and to highlight hydrogen-storage prospects and future challenges.
pdf:docinfo:subject: Clathrate hydrates are ice-like, crystalline solids, composed of a three-dimensional network of hydrogen bonded water molecules that confines gas molecules in well-defined cavities that can store gases as a solid solution. Ideally, hydrogen hydrates can store hydrogen with a maximum theoretical capacity of about 5.4 wt%. However, the pressures necessary for the formation of such a hydrogen hydrate are 180?220 MPa and therefore too high for large-scale plants and industrial use. Thus, since the early 1990s, there have been numerous studies to optimize pressure and temperature conditions for hydrogen formation and storage and to develop a proper reactor type via optimisation of the heat and mass transfer to maximise hydrate storage capacity in the resulting hydrate phase. So far, the construction of the reactor has been developed for small, sub-litre scale; and indeed, many attempts were reported for pilot-scale reactor design, on the multiple-litre scale and larger. The purpose of this review article is to compile and summarise this knowledge in a single article and to highlight hydrogen-storage prospects and future challenges.
Content-Type: application/pdf
pdf:docinfo:creator: Mohammad Reza Ghaani, Judith M. Schicks and Niall J. English
X-Parsed-By: org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser
creator: Mohammad Reza Ghaani, Judith M. Schicks and Niall J. English
meta:author: Mohammad Reza Ghaani, Judith M. Schicks and Niall J. English
dc:subject: hydrogen storage; clathrate hydrate; reactor design; Water-Spraying Reactor; Stirred-Tank Reactor; Bubbling Reactor; Water-In-Oil Emulsion; Fixed-Bed Reactor; unidirectional growth
meta:creation-date: 2021-01-06T06:13:57Z
created: Wed Jan 06 07:13:57 CET 2021
access_permission:extract_for_accessibility: true
access_permission:assemble_document: true
xmpTPg:NPages: 16
Creation-Date: 2021-01-06T06:13:57Z
access_permission:extract_content: true
access_permission:can_print: true
meta:keyword: hydrogen storage; clathrate hydrate; reactor design; Water-Spraying Reactor; Stirred-Tank Reactor; Bubbling Reactor; Water-In-Oil Emulsion; Fixed-Bed Reactor; unidirectional growth
Author: Mohammad Reza Ghaani, Judith M. Schicks and Niall J. English
producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21
access_permission:can_modify: true
pdf:docinfo:producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21
pdf:docinfo:created: 2021-01-06T06:13:57Z