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Elevation-dependent warming and associated topo-climate impacts on snow cover dynamics in the Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra river basin

Urheber*innen

Banerjee,  Abhishek
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Kang,  Shichang
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

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Zitation

Banerjee, A., Kang, S. (2023): Elevation-dependent warming and associated topo-climate impacts on snow cover dynamics in the Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra river basin, XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) (Berlin 2023).
https://doi.org/10.57757/IUGG23-2160


Zitierlink: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5018645
Zusammenfassung
The Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra river basins are characterized by rapid population growth and associated elevated resource demand, increased climatic variability and rapid cryospheric melting. This study investigates elevation-dependent, basin-wide, long-term (2003-2020) distributions and trends in precipitation, temperature and snow cover area (SCA) by employing several descriptive and non-parametric statistical applications using the Google Earth Engine and MATLAB programming language. Modified MODIS Terra and Aqua snow cover data with less than one percent cloud cover is used to estimate SCA along with CHIRPS (Precipitation) and MODIS LST.  The importance of topographic factors in snow cover variation is demonstrated through the construction of a reflectance model using ASTER DEM and Landsat datasets. The study demonstrates statistically significant increasing annual, seasonal and monthly trends of precipitation in all eight elevation zones, while temperature and SCA exhibit strong variability. The three basin-wide investigations identifies that maximum annual increased precipitation (13.9mm/year) and decreased SCA (0.35Sq.km/year) observed in the Brahmaputra basin followed by Ganges and Indus, while seasonal fluctuations in temperature are apparent in an emerging pattern of warmer winter and a cooler pre-monsoon season. At higher elevations, SCA decreased markedly throughout the study period as higher temperatures induced rapid snow melting. Meanwhile, the correlation coefficient among rainfall, temperature and SCA highlights significant relationships between precipitation and SCA (R2 =0.82), while SCA is inversely proportional to temperature (R2 =0.89). The comprehensive elevation and three basin-wide analyses improve our understanding of the overall hydrological challenge and assist in the development of more reliable flood forecasting and water resource management.