Petrophysical, Geochemical, and Hydrological Evidence for Extensive 
Fracture-Mediated Fluid and Heat Transport in the Alpine Fault's Hanging-Wall 
Damage Zone

Townend, John; Sutherland, Rupert; Toy, Virginia G.; Doan, Mai-Linh; Célérier, Bernard; Massiot, Cécile; Coussens, Jamie; Jeppson, Tamara; Janku-Capova, Lucie; Remaud, Léa; Upton, Phaedra; Schmitt, Douglas R.; Pezard, Philippe; Williams, Jack; Allen, Michael John; Baratin, Laura-May; Barth, Nicolas; Becroft, Leeza; Boese, Carolin M.; Boulton, Carolyn; Broderick, Neil; Carpenter, Brett; Chamberlain, Calum J.; Cooper, Alan; Coutts, Ashley; Cox, Simon C.; Craw, Lisa; Eccles, Jennifer D.; Faulkner, Dan; Grieve, Jason; Grochowski, Julia; Gulley, Anton; Hartog, Arthur; Henry, Gilles; Howarth, Jamie; Jacobs, Katrina; Kato, Naoki; Keys, Steven; Kirilova, Martina; Kometani, Yusuke; Langridge, Rob; Lin, Weiren; Little, Tim; Lukacs, Adrienn; Mallyon, Deirdre; Mariani, Elisabetta; Mathewson, Loren; Melosh, Ben; Menzies, Catriona; Moore, Jo; Morales, Luis; Mori, Hiroshi; Niemeijer, André; Nishikawa, Osamu; Nitsch, Olivier; Paris, Jehanne; Prior, David J.; Sauer, Katrina; Savage, Martha K.; Schleicher, Anja Maria; Shigematsu, Norio; Taylor-Offord, Sam; Teagle, Damon; Tobin, Harold; Valdez, Robert; Weaver, Konrad; Wiersberg, T.; Zimmer, Martin

doi:10.1002/2017GC007202

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Petrophysical, Geochemical, and Hydrological Evidence for Extensive Fracture-Mediated Fluid and Heat Transport in the Alpine Fault's Hanging-Wall Damage Zone

Authors

Townend, John
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Sutherland, Rupert
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Toy, Virginia G.
External Organizations;

Doan, Mai-Linh
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Célérier, Bernard
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Massiot, Cécile
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Coussens, Jamie
External Organizations;

Jeppson, Tamara
External Organizations;

Janku-Capova, Lucie
External Organizations;

Remaud, Léa
External Organizations;

Upton, Phaedra
External Organizations;

Schmitt, Douglas R.
External Organizations;

Pezard, Philippe
External Organizations;

Williams, Jack
External Organizations;

Allen, Michael John
External Organizations;

Baratin, Laura-May
External Organizations;

Barth, Nicolas
External Organizations;

Becroft, Leeza
External Organizations;

Boese, Carolin M.
External Organizations;

Boulton, Carolyn
External Organizations;

Broderick, Neil
External Organizations;

Carpenter, Brett
External Organizations;

Chamberlain, Calum J.
External Organizations;

Cooper, Alan
External Organizations;

Coutts, Ashley
External Organizations;

Cox, Simon C.
External Organizations;

Craw, Lisa
External Organizations;

Eccles, Jennifer D.
External Organizations;

Faulkner, Dan
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Grieve, Jason
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Grochowski, Julia
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Gulley, Anton
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Hartog, Arthur
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Henry, Gilles
External Organizations;

Howarth, Jamie
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Jacobs, Katrina
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Kato, Naoki
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Keys, Steven
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Kirilova, Martina
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Kometani, Yusuke
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Langridge, Rob
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Lin, Weiren
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Little, Tim
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Lukacs, Adrienn
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Mallyon, Deirdre
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Mariani, Elisabetta
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Mathewson, Loren
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Melosh, Ben
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Menzies, Catriona
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Moore, Jo
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Morales, Luis
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Mori, Hiroshi
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Niemeijer, André
External Organizations;

Nishikawa, Osamu
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Nitsch, Olivier
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Paris, Jehanne
External Organizations;

Prior, David J.
External Organizations;

Sauer, Katrina
External Organizations;

Savage, Martha K.
External Organizations;

/persons/resource/aschleic

Schleicher, Anja Maria
3.1 Inorganic and Isotope Geochemistry, 3.0 Geochemistry, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

Shigematsu, Norio
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Taylor-Offord, Sam
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Teagle, Damon
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Tobin, Harold
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Valdez, Robert
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Weaver, Konrad
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/persons/resource/wiers

Wiersberg, T.
6.4 Centre for Scientific Drilling, 6.0 Geotechnologies, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

/persons/resource/weihei

Zimmer, Martin
3.1 Inorganic and Isotope Geochemistry, 3.0 Geochemistry, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

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Citation

Townend, J., Sutherland, R., Toy, V. G., Doan, M.-L., Célérier, B., Massiot, C., Coussens, J., Jeppson, T., Janku-Capova, L., Remaud, L., Upton, P., Schmitt, D. R., Pezard, P., Williams, J., Allen, M. J., Baratin, L.-M., Barth, N., Becroft, L., Boese, C. M., Boulton, C., Broderick, N., Carpenter, B., Chamberlain, C. J., Cooper, A., Coutts, A., Cox, S. C., Craw, L., Eccles, J. D., Faulkner, D., Grieve, J., Grochowski, J., Gulley, A., Hartog, A., Henry, G., Howarth, J., Jacobs, K., Kato, N., Keys, S., Kirilova, M., Kometani, Y., Langridge, R., Lin, W., Little, T., Lukacs, A., Mallyon, D., Mariani, E., Mathewson, L., Melosh, B., Menzies, C., Moore, J., Morales, L., Mori, H., Niemeijer, A., Nishikawa, O., Nitsch, O., Paris, J., Prior, D. J., Sauer, K., Savage, M. K., Schleicher, A. M., Shigematsu, N., Taylor-Offord, S., Teagle, D., Tobin, H., Valdez, R., Weaver, K., Wiersberg, T., Zimmer, M. (2017): Petrophysical, Geochemical, and Hydrological Evidence for Extensive Fracture-Mediated Fluid and Heat Transport in the Alpine Fault's Hanging-Wall Damage Zone. - Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (G3), 18, 12, 4709-4732.
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GC007202

Cite as: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_2885899

Abstract

Fault rock assemblages reflect interaction between deformation, stress, temperature, fluid, and chemical regimes on distinct spatial and temporal scales at various positions in the crust. Here we interpret measurements made in the hanging-wall of the Alpine Fault during the second stage of the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP-2). We present observational evidence for extensive fracturing and high hanging-wall hydraulic conductivity (∼10−9 to 10−7 m/s, corresponding to permeability of ∼10−16 to 10−14 m2) extending several hundred meters from the fault's principal slip zone. Mud losses, gas chemistry anomalies, and petrophysical data indicate that a subset of fractures intersected by the borehole are capable of transmitting fluid volumes of several cubic meters on time scales of hours. DFDP-2 observations and other data suggest that this hydrogeologically active portion of the fault zone in the hanging-wall is several kilometers wide in the uppermost crust. This finding is consistent with numerical models of earthquake rupture and off-fault damage. We conclude that the mechanically and hydrogeologically active part of the Alpine Fault is a more dynamic and extensive feature than commonly described in models based on exhumed faults. We propose that the hydrogeologically active damage zone of the Alpine Fault and other large active faults in areas of high topographic relief can be subdivided into an inner zone in which damage is controlled principally by earthquake rupture processes and an outer zone in which damage reflects coseismic shaking, strain accumulation and release on interseismic timescales, and inherited fracturing related to exhumation.