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Abstract:
On Feb 6, 2023, M7.8 and M7.5 earthquakes struck Turkey within 9 hours difference, and with a more than 100 km rupture, were the deadliest earthquakes in Turkey/Syria this decade. We study critical lithosphere/atmosphere /ionosphere coupling processes that precede earthquake events. We combine observations from non -correlated ground and space monitoring systems for the first time, such: 1/ Vertical static pendulums data from the European network; 2/ Outgoing long-wavelength radiation (OLR) obtained from NPOESS; 3/ Ionospheric plasma observations from China/Italy Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES1); and 4/ Atmospheric chemical potential (ACP) obtained from NASA assimilation models. The deformation anomalies started at all European pendulum instruments on Jan 23, 2023. The most significant anomaly was recorded in cave No.13 (the Moravian karst). The pendulum is located on the N-S-oriented fault corresponding to the East Anatolian Fault activation (NE-SW). NOAA satellite thermal observations of the epicentral area show an increase in infrared radiation starting in Dec 2022 and riches the maximum on Jan 13 and Feb 1, 2023, near the epicentral area. Increases in OLR from the satellite data coincided with an intensification in the atmospheric chemical potential, Feb 1-4, measured near the epicentral area. The plasma electron and oxygen ion density from the CSES1 satellite showed an abnormal increase on Jan 27-28, which is highly correlated with the earthquake occurrence given the stable space weather index during this period. We show that by combining ground and near-space data accordingly to the physical concept of LAIC, we could identify abnormal patterns of pre-earthquake-related features.
