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Abstract:
Volcanoes produce a variety of seismic signals and, therefore, continuous seismograms provide
crucial information for monitoring the state of a volcano. According to their source mechanism and signal
properties, seismo‐volcanic signals can be categorized into distinct classes, which works particularly well for
short transients. Applying classification approaches to long‐duration continuous signals containing volcanic
tremors, characterized by varying signal characteristics, proves challenging due to the complex nature of these
signals. That makes it difficult to attribute them to a single volcanic process and questions the feasibility of
classification. In the present study, we consider the whole seismic time series as valuable information about the
plumbing system (the combination of plumbing structure and activity distribution). The considered data are
year‐long seismograms recorded at individual stations near the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group (Kamchatka,
Russia). With a scattering network and a Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP), we
transform the continuous data into a two‐dimensional representation (a seismogram atlas), which helps us to
identify sudden and continuous changes in the signal properties. We observe an ever‐changing seismic
wavefield that we relate to a continuously evolving plumbing system. Through additional data, we can relate
signal variations to various state changes of the volcano including transitions from deep to shallow activity, deep
reactivation, weak signals during quiet times, and eruptive activity. The atlases serve as a visual tool for
analyzing extensive seismic time series, allowing us to associate specific atlas areas, indicative of similar signal
characteristics, with distinct volcanic activities and variations in the volcanic plumbing system.
