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Technical aspects investigating the Pyramids of Giza using seismological techniques, GPR, ultrasound, and other non-destructive testing techniques

Authors

Grosse,  Christian
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Allam,  Hussien
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Helal,  Hany
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Helal,  Khalid
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Mendler,  Alexander
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Popovych,  Olga
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Pugacheva,  Polina
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Rupfle,  Johannes
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Schumacher,  Thomas
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Ekarmoty,  Mohamed
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

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Citation

Grosse, C., Allam, H., Helal, H., Helal, K., Mendler, A., Popovych, O., Pugacheva, P., Rupfle, J., Schumacher, T., Ekarmoty, M. (2023): Technical aspects investigating the Pyramids of Giza using seismological techniques, GPR, ultrasound, and other non-destructive testing techniques, XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) (Berlin 2023).
https://doi.org/10.57757/IUGG23-2491


Cite as: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5018246
Abstract
The pyramids on the Giza plateau close to Cairo in Egypt belong to the most important structures in the history of mankind. The Great Pyramid built by Pharaoh Cheops (Khufu) is about 4500 years old and was already described as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World by the Greek historian Herodotus. Besides some deterioration throughout the centuries, the Cheops Pyramid has barely changed since its construction. It is one of the most visited and investigated structures on earth. However, few systematic investigations are reported using modern geophysical measurement methods. Based on findings during Muon measurements as part of the ScanPyramids project, a joint team from Cairo University and Technical University of Munich including researchers from different countries had the opportunity to perform three measurement campaigns between 2020 and 2022. These measurements have been part of a capacity-building training of young scientists and included ground penetrating radar (GPR), ultrasound, electrical resistivity tomography, passive seismic, and others. Some results are presented focusing on the pros and cons of the individual techniques considering the requirements of cultural heritage and the difficult measurement conditions: large blocks of limestone with strong surface deteriorations, joints of unknown conditions, sidewall reflections, and restricted access. Geodetical surveys determining measurement positions, image fusion, and numerical simulations have been of tremendous help to interpret the data and are also discussed.