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Journal Article

Soft stimulation treatment of geothermal well RV-43 to meet the growing heat demand of Reykjavik

Authors
/persons/resource/hannes

Hofmann,  Hannes
4.8 Geoenergy, 4.0 Geosystems, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

/persons/resource/zimm

Zimmermann,  G.
4.8 Geoenergy, 4.0 Geosystems, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

/persons/resource/huenges

Huenges,  E.
4.8 Geoenergy, 4.0 Geosystems, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

/persons/resource/regens

Regenspurg,  Simona
4.8 Geoenergy, 4.0 Geosystems, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

/persons/resource/saldaz

Aldaz Cifuentes,  Santiago Ruben
4.8 Geoenergy, 4.0 Geosystems, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

/persons/resource/online

Milkereit,  C.
2.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 2.0 Geophysics, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

/persons/resource/heimann

Heimann,  Sebastian
2.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 2.0 Geophysics, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

/persons/resource/dahm

Dahm,  T.
2.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 2.0 Geophysics, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

/persons/resource/zang

Zang,  A.
2.6 Seismic Hazard and Risk Dynamics, 2.0 Geophysics, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

Grigoli,  Francesco
External Organizations;

Karvounis,  Dimitrios
External Organizations;

Broccardo,  Marco
External Organizations;

Wiemer,  Stefan
External Organizations;

Hjörleifsdóttir,  Vala
External Organizations;

Kristjánsson,  Bjarni Reyr
External Organizations;

Hersir,  Gylfi Páll
External Organizations;

Ásgeirsdóttir,  Ragnheiður St.
External Organizations;

Magnússon,  Rögnvaldur
External Organizations;

Árnadóttir,  Sigurveig
External Organizations;

External Ressource
No external resources are shared
Fulltext (public)

5007085.pdf
(Publisher version), 19MB

Supplementary Material (public)
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Citation

Hofmann, H., Zimmermann, G., Huenges, E., Regenspurg, S., Aldaz Cifuentes, S. R., Milkereit, C., Heimann, S., Dahm, T., Zang, A., Grigoli, F., Karvounis, D., Broccardo, M., Wiemer, S., Hjörleifsdóttir, V., Kristjánsson, B. R., Hersir, G. P., Ásgeirsdóttir, R. S., Magnússon, R., Árnadóttir, S. (2021): Soft stimulation treatment of geothermal well RV-43 to meet the growing heat demand of Reykjavik. - Geothermics, 96, 102146.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2021.102146


Cite as: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5007085
Abstract
Reykjavik is almost entirely heated by geothermal energy. Yet, recent growth of the city significantly increased the heat demand. Past experiences in Iceland’s capital region showed that hydraulic stimulation of existing geothermal wells is suited to improve hydraulic performance and energy supply. However, fluid injection may also trigger felt or even damaging earthquakes, which are of concern in populated areas and pose a significant risk to stimulation operations. Consequently, soft stimulation concepts have been developed to increase geothermal well performance while minimizing environmental effects such as induced seismicity. In a demonstration project of hydraulic soft stimulation in October 2019, more than 20.000 m3 of water were injected into well RV-43 in Reykjavik in multiple stages and with different injection schemes. The hydraulic performance of the well was improved without inducing felt seismicity. An a priori seismic risk assessment was conducted and for the first time the risk was continuously updated by an adaptive traffic light system supported by a sophisticated realtime microseismic monitoring. Our results confirm that it is possible to improve the performance of geothermal wells in Reykjavik and worldwide with acceptable technical, economic, and environmental risks. Here we provide an overview of the entire stimulation project including site description, stimulation design, zonal isolation, logging, seismic risk assessment and mitigation measures, realtime seismic, hydraulic and chemical monitoring, and stimulation results and challenges.