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Scattering of relativistic electrons by oblique EMIC waves: Test-particle and full-wave modeling

Authors

Hanzelka,  Miroslav
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Qin,  Murong
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Li,  Wen
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Capannolo,  Luisa
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Ma,  Qianli
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Gan,  Longzhi
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

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Citation

Hanzelka, M., Qin, M., Li, W., Capannolo, L., Ma, Q., Gan, L. (2023): Scattering of relativistic electrons by oblique EMIC waves: Test-particle and full-wave modeling, XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) (Berlin 2023).
https://doi.org/10.57757/IUGG23-0733


Cite as: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5016732
Abstract
Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) emissions in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere are a significant driver of relativistic electron precipitation into the atmosphere. The amplitudes of EMIC waves often exceed 1 nT, introducing nonlinear effects not included in the diffusive quasi-linear theory. While the nonlinear effects have been previously studied analytically and by test-particle simulations, most studies focus on parallel-propagating monochromatic waves. Here we present results from test-particle simulations of relativistic electrons interacting with EMIC waves of different amplitudes and wave normal angles. Diffusive and advective components of pitch-angle scattering are analyzed, highlighting the important effect of harmonic resonances on both co-streaming and counter-streaming electrons. Backward-in-time simulations are used to obtain the perturbed phase space density distribution and study the loss-cone electron population. It is demonstrated that the net effect of advective and diffusive motion during one quarter-bounce results in near isotropization of the distribution unless the nonlinear phase-trapping effects become dominant. It is further revealed that particles below the fundamental resonance energy experience not only nonresonant scattering caused by the amplitude modulations but also fractional-resonant scattering stemming from nonlinearly perturbed trajectories. Finally, the simple monochromatic wave model with constant obliquity is replaced with a full-wave model based on finite-difference time-domain simulations initialized with waveforms from spacecraft measurements. Differences between the two models are discussed, assessing the limitations of monochromatic models in the analysis of relativistic electron scattering and precipitation.