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Modeling Ionospheric Electron Density: Global 3D semivariogram characteristics and Kriging interpolation of shape function

Authors

Lyu,  Haixia
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Hernández-Pajares,  Manuel
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Monte-Moreno,  Enric
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Zhang,  Hongping
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Li,  Min
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

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Citation

Lyu, H., Hernández-Pajares, M., Monte-Moreno, E., Zhang, H., Li, M. (2023): Modeling Ionospheric Electron Density: Global 3D semivariogram characteristics and Kriging interpolation of shape function, XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) (Berlin 2023).
https://doi.org/10.57757/IUGG23-1750


Cite as: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5017841
Abstract
The Kriging method has been successfully applied in ionospheric parameter estimation, e.g. the critical frequency of the F2 layer (Stanislawska et al. 1996) and the Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) (Stanislawska et al. 2002, Blanch 2002, Orús et al., 2005). This work, for the first time, investigates the spatial variability of the ionospheric shape function in three dimensions, which can be transformed as the electron density with VTEC. The shape function is derived from COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 Radio Occultation measurements, with sparse coverage, and Global Ionospheric Maps. The Universal Kriging is used for 3D ionospheric model construction, with the normalized distance-reverse weighting average model as the trend. We analyzed the empirical semivariogram characteristics for 4 selected weeks in different geomagnetic conditions and adopted a simple exponential semivariogram model for Kriging interpolation. It deepens our understanding of the spatial variability of the ionosphere, thus with better prediction of the ionospheric state. This 3D model can reconstruct the E layer structure, while the normalized average one cannot. The reduction of Root Mean Square Error of the shape function indicates the good performance of Kriging interpolation. This model will be further refined and shared with International Association of Geodesy - Global Geodetic Observing System (IAG-GGOS) Focus Area Geodetic Space Weather Research Joint Working Group 1 (JWG1) for assessment in order to facilitate the collaboration between JWG1 and JWG3.