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Abstract

The problems caused by the depletion of water resources, global warming, and biodiversity loss, which threaten a sustainable society, have been linked to convoluted problems in society and environment in the Anthropocene. In order to solve such complicated problems including water governance, it is necessary to reduce the tradeoff and increase synergy among resources, processes in the society, with different temporal and spatial scales. In this study, we examine how much difference of the understanding level for these complicated problems. How can discipline oriented knowledges as hydrology help the process understanding, such as flood control by forest with hydrological evidences? How can interdisciplinary knowledges help the system understanding, such as knowledge connections between adaptation and mitigation roles of the forest? How can transdisciplinary knowledges help the transformation knowledge to create optimal visions, plans and policies for the local government officers in segmented sections and citizen, such as with tradeoff and synergetic relationships between water-energy-food-climate nexus. The differences of the knowledge action level will be discussed among disciplinarity, interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity of hydrology.