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Large woody debris as sustainable nature-based solution for enhancing stream nutrient attenuation – consequences for greenhouse gas production

Authors

Krause,  Stefan
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Howard,  Ben
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Hannah,  David
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Klaar,  Megan
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Ullah,  Sami
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Kettridge,  Nick
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

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Citation

Krause, S., Howard, B., Hannah, D., Klaar, M., Ullah, S., Kettridge, N. (2023): Large woody debris as sustainable nature-based solution for enhancing stream nutrient attenuation – consequences for greenhouse gas production, XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) (Berlin 2023).
https://doi.org/10.57757/IUGG23-4687


Cite as: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5021095
Abstract
Large woody debris (LWD) have been used successfully for managing stream flow, hyporheic exchange and residence time as well as trapping fine sediment and adding a potential source of autochthonous organic carbon, removal excess nutrients in nutrient rich agricultural streams. We here integrate the results of several spatially nested field and controlled laboratory studies investigating how the use of LWD in different types of river restoration strategies can help to effectively ameliorate excess nutrient pollution across different spatial scales. At a river reach scale, we evidence using smart tracer additions that microbial metabolic activity and associated nutrient turnover rates were substantially enhanced in stream reaches with naturally accreted woody debris, which was shown to increase stream residence time, causing nutrient attenuation at multi-kilometre scales. Spatially nested within this, we show how individual engineered LWD structures have the potential to substantially increase the transformation of nitrogen, causing enhanced denitrification rates that lead to a net-removal of nitrate from stream water but also increased the emissions of nitrous oxide as a potent greenhouse gas. These results point towards the risk of unintended consequences arising from the nature-based solutions designed to engineer environmental conditions favourable to a specific ecosystem function, in this case the attenuation of nitrogen pollution. We therefore in a third approach test in mesocosm and reach-scale tracer experiments how small-scale wood-bundles frequently used in river restoration can be adapted to better trap fine sediments and release step-limiting bioavailable organic carbon to facilitate complete denitrification in streambed environments.