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Abstract

Hydrologically induced disasters resulting from both water scarcity and excess, pose a threat to mountain communities and developmental infrastructures in the Himalayas. Over the last decade, the HILLTOP, a network of hydrological observatories in the Himalayan region has gathered data which improves our understanding of diverse water pathways in the region. The talk traverses through two water pathways - mountain aquifers, and high gradient rivers - presenting the latest empirical evidence emerging from pilot field studies towards mitigating hydrologically induced disasters. The first section focuses on the increasing drying up of springs, the lifeline of hill communities. Recent analysis emerging from stable isotope and hydrochemistry studies in select pilot springsheds are presented. When detailed studies are not available, as is the case in many parts of the Himalayas, systems thinking approach helps direct targeted interventions. So, we also present vulnerability assessment using a systems thinking approach as a tool for targeted interventions for spring rejuvenation projects. In the second section, a case of field observations of bedload in two headwater rivers is presented. The study highlights the challenge in arriving at accurate estimates of rainfall triggered mass movement of sediments, and presents recent attempts are better understanding of the empirical equations used to estimate bedload under high flow conditions. These studies underscore both the need and challenges in compiling evidence through field observations in Hydrology that improve our understanding of hydrologically induced disasters. Innovative observatories we hope will inform policy and action towards sustainable development of our mountains landscapes.