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Global ionospheric perturbations following Tonga volcano eruption by using FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 and GNSS measurements

Authors

Rajesh,  P. K.
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Charles,  Lin
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Lin,  Jia-Ting
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Choi,  Jong-Min
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Lin,  Chi-Yen
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Liu,  Jann-Yenq
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Chou,  Min-Yang
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Yue,  Jia
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

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Citation

Rajesh, P. K., Charles, L., Lin, J.-T., Choi, J.-M., Lin, C.-Y., Liu, J.-Y., Chou, M.-Y., Yue, J. (2023): Global ionospheric perturbations following Tonga volcano eruption by using FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 and GNSS measurements, XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) (Berlin 2023).
https://doi.org/10.57757/IUGG23-4068


Cite as: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5021508
Abstract
The Tonga volcano eruption in the middle of January 2022 triggered a variety of wave perturbations that propagated across the globe multiple times, disturbing the entire atmosphere and manifesting as concentric traveling ionospheric disturbances (CTIDs) of various periods and wave characteristics. This study reports a comprehensive view of such ionospheric variations triggered from a single source, illustrating the global evolution of the CTIDs with the propagation of the barometric Lamb wave by using total electron content (TEC) measurements derived from more than 7000 ground based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. The results, for the first time, show conjugate appearance of the ionospheric perturbations, resulting in rapid occurrence of CTIDs in the northern hemispheres, much ahead of the direct arrival of the surface Lamb waves. Both direct and conjugate CTIDs show similar horizontal phase velocities of 320-390 m/s, matching with the dispersion relation of Lamb mode. In addition to the CTIDs, the Tonga eruption also resulted in a huge region of ionospheric being almost void of any plasma density, revealed in both ground- and space-based observations, which lasted for several hours. This is apparently generated by the merging of a giant ionosphere hole formed in the vicinity of the eruption location, with the deep equatorial trough of an unusually strong pre-reversal enhancement (PRE) in the post-sunset period. The impulsive pressure, composition changes, water vapor injection and the impacts of successive eruptions apparently created the long-lasting giant ionosphere hole.