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Geophysical and Geochemical Evidence for Magma-Tectonic Interactions in Nicaragua

Authors

LaFemina,  Peter
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Higginson-Rollins,  Marc
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Tramontano,  Samantha
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Ouertani,  Samantha
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Feineman,  Maureen
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Fischer,  Karen
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Geirsson,  Halldor
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Longpre,  Marc-Antoine
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Saballos,  Armando
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Strauch,  Wilfried
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Tenorio,  Virginia
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

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Citation

LaFemina, P., Higginson-Rollins, M., Tramontano, S., Ouertani, S., Feineman, M., Fischer, K., Geirsson, H., Longpre, M.-A., Saballos, A., Strauch, W., Tenorio, V. (2023): Geophysical and Geochemical Evidence for Magma-Tectonic Interactions in Nicaragua, XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) (Berlin 2023).
https://doi.org/10.57757/IUGG23-4113


Cite as: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5021552
Abstract
Northwest-directed motion of the Central American Forearc at ~14 mm/yr relative to the Caribbean plate is accommodated on margin normal and parallel fault systems within the Central American Volcanic Arc in Nicaragua. Proximity of faults to magmatic systems has historically led to magma-tectonic interactions. Here, we present two cases. The 1999 eruption of Cerro Negro volcano was preceded (~11 hrs) by four ~M5.2 earthquakes. Coulomb failure stress modeling indicates the earthquakes reduced normal stress on the Cerro Negro-Cerro La Mula volcanic alignment leading to magma migration and eruption along an ~100 m long fissure. The 2015-2016 eruption of Momotombo was preceded by the April 10, 2014 Mw 6.1 earthquake, which displaced the flank of the volcano southward by ~6 cm. We use GPS-derived co-seismic displacements and relocated earthquake aftershocks to study the April 10, 2014 earthquake. The earthquake dilated (10s of µStrain) and reduced the normal stress on the shallow magmatic system of Momotombo volcano, leading to magma injection, ascent, and eruption on December 1, 2015, after ~110 years of quiescence. Geochemical and petrologic analyses of erupted products (ash and lavas), including major and trace elements, crystal-size distribution, geobarometry and elemental profiling across phenocrysts confirm the eruption of the high crystallinity (30-50%), high viscosity (104 Pa s) basaltic andesites was triggered by injection of new magma. These events represent the potential for cascading hazards in a forearc-arc system, with earthquake and magmatic triggering over short spatial (10’s km) and temporal (yrs) scales.