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A Sub‐relativistic Electron Three‐Belt Event in the Earth's Radiation Belts: Observation and Explanation

Authors

Chen,  Jia‐Li
External Organizations;

Zou,  Hong
External Organizations;

/persons/resource/yixinhao

Hao,  Yixin
2.7 Space Physics and Space Weather, 2.0 Geophysics, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

Ye,  Yu‐Guang
External Organizations;

Miyoshi,  Yoshizumi
External Organizations;

Matsuoka,  Ayako
External Organizations;

Shinohara,  Iku
External Organizations;

Teramoto,  Mariko
External Organizations;

Xu,  Shi‐Ge
External Organizations;

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Citation

Chen, J., Zou, H., Hao, Y., Ye, Y., Miyoshi, Y., Matsuoka, A., Shinohara, I., Teramoto, M., Xu, S. (2024): A Sub‐relativistic Electron Three‐Belt Event in the Earth's Radiation Belts: Observation and Explanation. - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129, 4, e2023JA032213.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA032213


Cite as: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5026358
Abstract
The Van Allen Probes mission contributed to the discovery of the relativistic (∼500 keV–2 MeV) and ultra-relativistic (∼>2 MeV) electron three-belt structure in Earth's radiation belts. This structure results from the partial depletion of the preexisting outer belt and the replenishment of a new outer belt. Ultra-low frequency and very-low frequency waves are believed to play important roles in these processes, and substorm injections are usually not responsible for the formation of the external outer belt. In this study, based on observations from the Arase and NOAA-18 (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-18) satellites, we report an electron three-belt event in the energy range of ∼100–200 keV (i.e., sub-relativistic electrons). According to the evolution of the phase space density and the dawn-dusk asymmetric flux enhancement during this event, we conclude that the depletion of the upper part of the original outer belt was due to outward radial diffusion accompanied by magnetopause shadowing effect and convection, and the formation of the external outer belt was due to increased electron flux from convection as well as substorm injections. This discovery and its preliminary explanation may help understand the electron three-belt structure in radiation belts more comprehensively.