Coupled evolution of temperature and carbonate chemistry during the 
Paleocene–Eocene; new trace element records from the low latitude Indian Ocean

Barnet, James S.K.; Harper, Dustin T.; LeVay, Leah J.; Edgar, Kirsty M.; Henehan, Michael; Babila, Tali L.; Ullmann, Clemens V.; Leng, Melanie J.; Kroon, Dick; Zachos, James C.; Littler, Kate

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116414

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Coupled evolution of temperature and carbonate chemistry during the Paleocene–Eocene; new trace element records from the low latitude Indian Ocean

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Barnet, James S.K.
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Harper, Dustin T.
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LeVay, Leah J.
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Edgar, Kirsty M.
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Henehan, Michael
3.3 Earth Surface Geochemistry, 3.0 Geochemistry, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

Babila, Tali L.
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Ullmann, Clemens V.
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Leng, Melanie J.
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Kroon, Dick
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Zachos, James C.
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Littler, Kate
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Citation

Barnet, J. S., Harper, D. T., LeVay, L. J., Edgar, K. M., Henehan, M., Babila, T. L., Ullmann, C. V., Leng, M. J., Kroon, D., Zachos, J. C., Littler, K. (2020): Coupled evolution of temperature and carbonate chemistry during the Paleocene–Eocene; new trace element records from the low latitude Indian Ocean. - Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 545, 116414.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116414

Cite as: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5003246

Abstract

The early Paleogene represents the most recent interval in Earth's history characterized by global greenhouse warmth on multi-million year timescales, yet our understanding of long-term climate and carbon cycle evolution in the low latitudes, and in particular the Indian Ocean, remains very poorly constrained. Here we present the first long-term sub-eccentricity-resolution stable isotope ( and ) and trace element (Mg/Ca and B/Ca) records spanning the late Paleocene–early Eocene (∼58–53 Ma) across a surface–deep hydrographic reconstruction of the northern Indian Ocean, resolving late Paleocene 405-kyr paced cyclicity and a portion of the PETM recovery. Our new records reveal a long-term warming of ∼4–5 °C at all depths in the water column, with absolute surface ocean temperatures and magnitudes of warming comparable to the low latitude Pacific. As a result of warming, we observe a long-term increase in of the mixed layer, implying an increase in net evaporation. We also observe a collapse in the temperature gradient between mixed layer- and thermocline-dwelling species from ∼57–54 Ma, potentially due to either the development of a more homogeneous water column with a thicker mixed layer, or depth migration of the Morozovella in response to warming. Synchronous warming at both low and high latitudes, along with decreasing B/Ca ratios in planktic foraminifera indicating a decrease in ocean pH and/or increasing dissolved inorganic carbon, suggest that global climate was forced by rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations during this time.