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Journal Article

COSC-2 – drilling the basal décollement and underlying margin of palaeocontinent Baltica in the Paleozoic Caledonide Orogen of Scandinavia

Authors

Lorenz,  Henning
External Organizations;

Rosberg,  Jan-Erik
External Organizations;

Juhlin,  Christopher
External Organizations;

Klonowska,  Iwona
External Organizations;

Lescoutre,  Rodolphe
External Organizations;

Westmeijer,  George
External Organizations;

Almqvist,  Bjarne S. G.
External Organizations;

Anderson,  Mark
External Organizations;

Bertilsson,  Stefan
External Organizations;

Dopson,  Mark
External Organizations;

/persons/resource/kallm

Kallmeyer,  J.
3.7 Geomicrobiology, 3.0 Geochemistry, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

/persons/resource/jkueck

Kückk,  Jochem
4.2 Geomechanics and Scientific Drilling, 4.0 Geosystems, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

Lehnert,  Oliver
External Organizations;

Menegon,  Luca
External Organizations;

Pascal,  Christophe
External Organizations;

Rejkjær,  Simon
External Organizations;

Roberts,  Nick N. W.
External Organizations;

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Fulltext (public)

5010181.pdf
(Publisher version), 16MB

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Citation

Lorenz, H., Rosberg, J.-E., Juhlin, C., Klonowska, I., Lescoutre, R., Westmeijer, G., Almqvist, B. S. G., Anderson, M., Bertilsson, S., Dopson, M., Kallmeyer, J., Kückk, J., Lehnert, O., Menegon, L., Pascal, C., Rejkjær, S., Roberts, N. N. W. (2022): COSC-2 – drilling the basal décollement and underlying margin of palaeocontinent Baltica in the Paleozoic Caledonide Orogen of Scandinavia. - Scientific drilling: reports on deep earth sampling and monitoring, 30, 43-57.
https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-43-2022


Cite as: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5010181
Abstract
The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project aims to characterise the structure and orogenic processes involved in a major collisional mountain belt by multidisciplinary geoscientific research. Located in western central Sweden, the project has drilled two fully cored deep boreholes into the bedrock of the deeply eroded Early Paleozoic Caledonide Orogen. COSC-1 (2014) drilled a subduction-related allochthon and the associated thrust zone. COSC-2 (2020, this paper) extends this section deeper through the underlying nappes (Lower Allochthon), the main Caledonian décollement, and the upper kilometre of basement rocks. COSC-2 targets include the characterisation of orogen-scale detachments, the impact of orogenesis on the basement below the detachment, and the Early Paleozoic palaeoenvironment on the outer margin of palaeocontinent Baltica. This is complemented by research on heat flow, groundwater flow, and the characterisation of the microbial community in the present hard rock environment of the relict mountain belt. COSC-2 successfully, and within budget, recovered a continuous drill core to 2276 m depth. The retrieved geological section is partially different from the expected geological section with respect to the depth to the main décollement and the expected rock types. Although the intensity of synsedimentary deformation in the rocks in the upper part of the drill core might impede the analysis of the Early Paleozoic palaeoenvironment, the superb quality of the drill core and the borehole will facilitate research on the remaining targets and beyond. Protocols for sampling in the hard rock environment and subsequent sample preservation were established for geomicrobiological research and rock mechanical testing. For the former, a sparse sample series along the entire drill core was taken, while the target of the latter was the décollement. COSC-2 was surveyed by a comprehensive post-drilling downhole logging campaign and a combined borehole/land seismic survey in autumn 2021. This paper provides an overview of the COSC-2 (International Continental Scientific Drilling Project – ICDP 5054_2_A and 5054_2_B boreholes) operations and preliminary results. It will be complemented by a detailed operational report and data publication.