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Abstract

In Antarctica and Greenland, interactions between Oceans and Ice sheets are crucial to the regulation of the global overturning circulation, the current acceleration of ice flow into the ocean and the associated global sea-level rise. Over recent decades, satellite, airborne and in situ ocean and ice observations have demonstrated with increasing temporal and spatial resolution that these interactions are complex and occur on a broad ranges of multidimensional scales. Using an observational lens limited to the past 30 years during which capabilities for direct observations have grown exponentially, I will present an overview of the complexity of the coupled system and the feedbacks involved, covering boundary layer, meso- and large-scale processes in the ocean, and the dynamical and geometric response of the ice at tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers scales. The advent of an array of remote and autonomous in situ technologies provide exciting perspectives for future fruitful explorations.