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Zusammenfassung

The 15 January 2022 eruption of the Hunga-Tonga volcano generated huge explosions in the atmosphere, which excited various kinds of atmospheric disturbances detected globally by ground-based or spaceborne instruments. Here we show our simulations of these atmospheric waves along with a summary of observation findings. The modelling is achieved by a complete synthetic seismogram calculator (QSSP) considering a hybrid approach of the normal mode theory and matrix method in a layered spherical Earth model including the atmosphere. The synthetic waveform profile, the spectra for nearby stations, as well as the dispersion curves extracted in an array all show good agreement with the observations. Based on these results, especially the dispersion curves for phase speed, we propose a new interpretation for the horizontally propagating Lamb wave. In this model, the Lamb wave can be regarded as the fundamental gravity modes in low frequency band and the fundamental acoustic modes in high frequency band, respectively. The findings may provide new perspectives on the analysis of general atmospheric waves and show the potential of seismic techniques on atmospheric problems.