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Extreme weather in the Southern Hemisphere in early 2022: from Rossby waves to planetary-scale conditions

Authors

De Vries,  Andries Jan
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Afargan-Gerstman,  Hilla
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Casselman,  Jake W.
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Hart,  Neil C. G.
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Nangombe,  Shingirai
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Pilon,  Romain
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Rivoire,  Pauline
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Rudeva,  Irina
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Russo,  Emmanuele
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Wicker,  Wolfgang
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Yadav,  Priyanka
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Zilli,  Marcia T.
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Domeisen,  Daniela I. V.
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

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Citation

De Vries, A. J., Afargan-Gerstman, H., Casselman, J. W., Hart, N. C. G., Nangombe, S., Pilon, R., Rivoire, P., Rudeva, I., Russo, E., Wicker, W., Yadav, P., Zilli, M. T., Domeisen, D. I. V. (2023): Extreme weather in the Southern Hemisphere in early 2022: from Rossby waves to planetary-scale conditions, XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) (Berlin 2023).
https://doi.org/10.57757/IUGG23-2450


Cite as: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5018302
Abstract
In early 2022, several extreme weather events occurred in the Southern Hemisphere. Devastating floods killed more than 500 people in South Africa (11-12 April) and 26 people in eastern Australia (24-28 February and 25-31 March), while an unprecedented heatwave broke temperature records in Antarctica (16-22 March). This study presents a multiscale analysis of the atmospheric processes associated with these extreme events from synoptic to planetary scales. Equatorward Rossby wave breaking facilitated the transport of moist air from tropical oceans to the subtropical regions affected by the extreme precipitation events, while poleward Rossby wave breaking forced an intrusion of warm and moist extratropical air masses into the Antarctic conntinent. Southern hemispheric extratropical wave activity demonstrated relatively normal conditions during February and March, while wave energy peaked for wave number 5 during April. From a planetary-scale perspective, we investigate how modes of tropical variability, including the El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO; in a La Nina phase) and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), modulate large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns, extratropical wave activity, and Rossby wave breaking. Overall, this study clarifies the role of regional and remote atmospheric processes in the recent weather extremes in the Southern Hemisphere.