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More snow than ever observed: Assessing the four-decade high in Antarctic Ice Sheet surface mass balance in 2022

Authors

Trusel,  Luke
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Datta,  Rajashree
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Baiman,  Rebecca
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Bozkurt,  Deniz
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Clem,  Kyle
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Dunmire,  Devon
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Kromer,  Jessica
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Maclennan,  Michelle
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Wille,  Jonathan
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

Yin,  Ziqi
IUGG 2023, General Assemblies, 1 General, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), External Organizations;

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Citation

Trusel, L., Datta, R., Baiman, R., Bozkurt, D., Clem, K., Dunmire, D., Kromer, J., Maclennan, M., Wille, J., Yin, Z. (2023): More snow than ever observed: Assessing the four-decade high in Antarctic Ice Sheet surface mass balance in 2022, XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) (Berlin 2023).
https://doi.org/10.57757/IUGG23-4706


Cite as: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5021114
Abstract
In 2022, more snow fell across the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) than in any previous year over at least the last four decades. As a result, the AIS surface mass balance (SMB), which accounts for both mass gains and losses at the ice sheet surface, was also at 40+ year highs and likely led to a net negative annual contribution of the ice sheet to global sea level. Here, we assess these SMB anomalies, calculated as total precipitation minus evaporation and sublimation, as well as their drivers using the ERA5 and MERRA2 global reanalyses. Both products indicate positive SMB anomalies of >300 Gt/yr in 2022 compared to the 1991-2020 climatological mean SMB, equating to 3.1 and 2.5 standard deviations above the respective long-term means. Annual anomalies were driven by positive monthly anomalies exceeding interannual variability in January, March, July, September, and November. In this presentation, we examine the spatial and temporal character of SMB variations and their linkages to concurrent anomalies in the atmosphere and Southern Ocean. We highlight the significant impacts of landfalling atmospheric rivers in specific sectors and months and assess the potential role of Southern Ocean surface forcing, which saw record low sea ice coverage for much of 2022. This work seeks to elucidate the drivers of SMB anomalies in 2022, which holds potential implications for understanding future AIS mass variations in a warming climate.