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Abstract:
The low ionosphere, height ~ 60-70 km, is highly sensitive to disturbances of extraterrestrial origin as quiet and disturbed solar electromagnetic emissions, as well as strong atmospheric and/or geological events. This is the case of the ionospheric disturbance observed on January 15, 2022 associated to the shock wave generated by the eruption of the Hunga-Tonga volcano. In this work, we present evidence of the propagation at lower ionospheric layers, specifically in the D region of the shock wave produced by this volcano explosion. Through simulations and a detailed analysis of the effects of the wave over the VLF path, between the NAA transmitter (USA) and the receiver station at Mexico City (CdMx), located at ~ 14 000 and ~ 10 000 km, respectively from the Hunga-Tonga volcano. We estimated that the shock wave propagated at ~ 880 m/s, which is faster than the propagation speed reported at higher ionospheric altitudes.
