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Journal Article

Comprehensive data set of in situ hydraulic stimulation experiments for geothermal purposes at theÄspö Hard Rock Laboratory (Sweden)

Authors
/persons/resource/zang

Zang,  Arno
2.6 Seismic Hazard and Risk Dynamics, 2.0 Geophysics, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

/persons/resource/pniemz

Niemz,  P.
2.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 2.0 Geophysics, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

von Specht,  Sebastian
External Organizations;

/persons/resource/zimm

Zimmermann,  G.
4.8 Geoenergy, 4.0 Geosystems, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

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Milkereit,  C.
2.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 2.0 Geophysics, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

Plenkers,  Katrin
External Organizations;

Klee,  Gerd
External Organizations;

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Fulltext (public)

5024613.pdf
(Publisher version), 5MB

Supplementary Material (public)
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Citation

Zang, A., Niemz, P., von Specht, S., Zimmermann, G., Milkereit, C., Plenkers, K., Klee, G. (2024): Comprehensive data set of in situ hydraulic stimulation experiments for geothermal purposes at theÄspö Hard Rock Laboratory (Sweden). - Earth System Science Data, 16, 1, 295-310.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-295-2024


Cite as: https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5024613
Abstract
In this article, a high-resolution acoustic emission sensor, accelerometer, and broadband seismometer array data set is made available and described in detail from in situ experiments performed at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory in May and June 2015. The main goal of the hydraulic stimulation tests in a horizontal borehole at 410m depth in naturally fractured granitic rock mass is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of generating multi-stage heat exchangers in a controlled way superiorly to former massive stimulations applied in enhanced geothermal projects. A set of six, sub-parallel hydraulic fractures is propagated from an injection borehole drilled parallel to minimum horizontal in situ stress and is monitored by an extensive complementary sensor array implemented in three inclined monitoring boreholes and the nearby tunnel system. Three different fluid injection protocols are tested: constant water injection, progressive cyclic injection, and cyclic injection with a hydraulic hammer operating at 5 Hz frequency to stimulate a crystalline rock volume of size 30m30m30m at depth. We collected geological data from core and borehole logs, fracture inspection data from an impression packer, and acoustic emission hypocenter tracking and tilt data, as well as quantified the permeability enhancement process. The data and interpretation provided through this publication are important steps in both upscaling laboratory tests and downscaling field tests in granitic rock in the framework of enhanced geothermal system research. Data described in this paper can be accessed at GFZ Data Services under https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.2.6.2023.004 (Zang et al., 2023).